Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition where a blood clot occurs, normally in the lower extremities. These blood clots, called thrombi, can be small and break up on their own; or, they can be large and cause serious symptoms. This condition can be caused by a number of factors, including prolonged bed rest, obesity, smoking and genetic risk factors. DVT can also be an extension of an existing condition of inflammation in the veins known as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). These conditions are both treated with a dedicated course of Physiotherapy and exercise.
What causes deep venous thrombosis? Deep venous thrombosis is caused by stasis, or the slowing down of blood flow. Deep veins are close to the surface of the skin, so blood clots below the skin in these veins are easy to see. The valves inside the deep veins help blood flow in one direction and keep blood from flowing backward. When blood slows down in the deep veins, it can lead to clots. Sometimes, small clots can form and dissolve without causing problems with your health. But sometimes they can be larger, which can block blood flow in your legs and cause serious problems.
The following can increase your risk of developing a DVT:
- air travel, especially on long-haul flights
- sitting or lying still for long periods of time
- surgery or hospitalization
- pregnancy and the first few weeks after giving birth
- overweight or obesity
- a previous history of a blood clot in your legs, chest or arms
- varicose veins.
- taking the oral contraceptive pill can also increase your risk of developing a DVT.
If you think you may be at risk of DVT, speak with your doctor about taking a preventative course of action.
Symptoms to watch out for: The major symptoms of this condition include pain, swelling, warmth and redness of the affected leg. Other symptoms include discoloration of the leg, and edema – or swelling – of the ankle and foot. Often these symptoms extend into the foot and toes. Individuals may also experience a sense of heaviness or tightness in the leg, fatigue, difficulty walking and general aches and pains in the lower half of the body.
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Physiotherapy Treatment for Deep Venous Thrombosis
While there are certain exercises you can do on your own to decrease your chances of developing DVT, seeking help from a physiotherapist in the treatment and prevention of DVT if you are predisposed to the condition is the best option. Physical therapists have a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the body and the body’s responses to different stimuli.
The first step in managing DVT is to keep yourself active. You must take regular walks if you can. If you work at a desk, take a few minutes to stand up, walk down the hall and back. The best exercises for this condition are:
- Ankle pumps – Ankle pumps is a simple exercise that helps in blood circulation, thereby reducing the risks of clotting. To perform, point your toes away from your head, and then pull them back towards your head. Perform at a quick pace and move through the full range of motion available. Repeat at minimum 10 repetitions ever hour you are awake.
- Knee motion – Sit in a chair with your foot flat on the floor. Keeping your foot on the floor, slowly move your knee from side to side for 2 to 3 minutes. This stretches and relaxes the ligaments around your ankle.
- Heel Raise – Stand with your hands in front of you, resting against a wall, countertop, or chair back for support. With your feet shoulder width apart, slowly rise up on your toes and come back down. Do about 10 of these at first and work up to 20 or more.
- Leg raise – straight leg raise is easy to perform and helps in strengthening the muscles and improving circulation. To perform, lie on your back on the floor. Bend one knee at 90 degrees while keeping the other leg flat on the floor. Inhaling slowly, lift the straight leg six inches off the ground. Hold for 3 seconds and lower the leg. Repeat with the other leg.
Physical therapists can work with patients on the best exercises that will help treat DVT or in some cases help prevent DVT. Regular visits will help your physical therapist keep an eye on your progress. For any assistance please get in touch with us at Befitphysio.